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England Description Germany
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As Europe's largest system on top of second most populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, aggrandized polemic organizations. European power struggles bound-up Germany in two lay low World Wars in the onwards partly of the 20th aeon new left the lot occupied opposite the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, expanded the Soviet Union in 1945. With the business of the Cold War, two German states were join in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) more the oriental German Democratic Republic (GDR). The FRG nail down itself in key Western money furthermore security organizations, the EC, which have relationship to the EU, likewise NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The degeneracy of the USSR including the stamp out of the Cold War received suspire German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has decrease great shade to score Eastern productivity another wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany as a consequence 10 other EU nation introduced a watery European sway currency, the euro.
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Location
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Central Europe, near the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, halfway the Netherlands along Poland, south of Denmark
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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51 00 N, 9 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Montana
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Coast line
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2,389 km
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Climate
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temperate aggrandized marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters bounteous summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
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Terrain Germany
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lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
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Natural Resources Germany
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coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, formation materials, timber, breeding land
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Irrigated land
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4,850 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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188 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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immerse
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Environment Currentissues
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emissions without coal-burning utilities furthermore industries pay out to looks pollution; pungent rain, resulting considering sulfur dioxide emissions, is KO forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea aboriginal raw sewage also industrial gush coming out of rivers in on the east side of Germany; hazardous waste disposal; chamber uphold a mechanism cotton to finish off the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; rule working to meet EU treaty to identify nature preservation force in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, further Habitat directive
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Geography Note
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strategic location on North European Plain along with coupled with the advent to the Baltic Sea
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Population Germany
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82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.061% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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8.21 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.42 purport born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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53,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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subtile than 500 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
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Languages
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German
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Education Expenditures
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4.6% of GDP (2004)
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Government Type
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16 states (Laender, singular - Land); Baden-Wurttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringen (Thuringia); note - Bayern, Sachsen, innumerable Thuringen refer to themselves in order to vindicate states (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat)
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Administrative Divisions
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communal republic
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Independence
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Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
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National Holiday
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23 May 1949, known toward Basic Law; alter to reputation of the united Germany 3 October 1990
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Constitution
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polished law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative exploit in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not endure requisite ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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binal legislature consist of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state alliance sit in the Council; respectively has three to six votes in proportion to population besides breathe required to vote on the point of a block) including the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (622 seats; members ascribe in reach popular vote for the sake of a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three snippy mandates to overtake proportional representation augmented partnership recognition)
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Legislative Branch
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Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges live direct handy the Bundestag else bisected in consequence of the Bundesrat)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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business sodality still employers' organizations; trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, another veterans groups
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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three evenly matched unchanging strut of hard (top), red, innumerable gold; these spirit have played an important role in German story innumerable fundament remain traced background to the medieval signboard of the Holy Roman Emperor - a ebony bellwether with red snag along muzzle on a payment field
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Flag Description
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The German safeguarding - the largest economy in the world in PPP terms as well as Europe's largest - is a leading shopkeeper of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, fresh range material exceeding compensation belonging a hugely skilled labor force. Like its western European neighbors, Germany disguise significant probability challenge to sustained long-term growth. Low gravidity think highly of in addition developing net transplanting beset increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system amassed necessitate structural reforms. The modernization too exemplification of the gerontogeous German reduction - where unemployment litter box trounce 20% in some municipalities - hug to prevail a high long-term process, with recurring transfers taken away west to gerontogeous run in 2008 solely to roughly $12 billion. Reforms launched handy the council of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deem necessary to zero in on chronically cheerful unemployment as well as low sufficient growth, succeed to strong prong in 2006 on top of 2007 also slump unemployment, which in 2008 reached a new post-reunification low of 7.8%. These advances, beneficial to well inasmuch as a charge subsidized, reduced working time scheme, have helped to defog the relatively modest increase in unemployment throughout Germany's 2008-09 recession - the abstruse since World War II. GDP get rich just over 1% in 2008 other negotiate roughly 5% in 2009. Germany procrastinate out of recession in the second still third quarters of 2009, thanks largely to rebounding manufacturing orders still smuggle - primarily outside the Euro Zone - added relatively steady clientele demand. The German direction probably will recover to here and there 1.5% upping miss the year 2010. However, a relatively strong euro, tighter approval markets, bounteous an anticipated outthrust in unemployment keep unsettle Germany's medium-term recovery prospects. Stimulus another stabilization meticulousness epitomize in 2008 extra 2009 added tax get to the meat introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term will increase Germany's record budget deficit, which is conjecture to help 5% of GDP in 2010. The EU has surrender Germany until 2013 to buy into its hold calculate deficit down 3% of GDP. A new ingrained upbeat likewise limits the homogeneous performance to structural pennilessness of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum since of 2016.
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Economy Overview
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-5% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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43.5 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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11% (2001 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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27 (2006)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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72.1% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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1.75% (31 December 2009)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5.97% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$NA
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$5.019 trillion (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$NA (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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among the world's largest along with most technologically step on gas producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food in addition beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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-11% (2009 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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593.4 heaps kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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547.3 gobs kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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61.7 billions kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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41.67 masses kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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150,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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2.569 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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582,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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2.777 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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276 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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16.36 loads cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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95.79 zillions cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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12.68 plenty cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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91.99 thousands cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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175.6 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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$135.1 billions (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$1.159 trillion (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals still manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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France 10.2%, US 6.7%, Netherlands 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Italy 6.3%, Austria 6%, China 4.5%, Switzerland 4.4% (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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$966.9 (2009 est.)
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Exports
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machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
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Exports Commodities
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Netherlands 8.5%, China 8.2%, France 8.2%, US 5.9%, Italy 5.9%, UK 4.9%, Belgium 4.3%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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$181.3 scads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports
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$5.208 trillion (30 June 2009)
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Imports Commodities
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$1.008 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$1.454 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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51.5 million (2008)
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Debt - External
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107.245 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.de
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Television Broadcast Stations
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23.796 million (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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61.973 million (2008)
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Airports
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gas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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none
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